• Merck Patient Manual Arabic
• HealthlinkBC
• MedlinePlus
• Xinhua Arabic

Dictionary

• Arabic Student Dictionary without Verb Conjugation useful with roots on the right as well
• Arabic English Dictionary with Word Attributes with Part of Speech (POS)
• Hans Wehr App on Arabic Word Forms

Notes

• Arabic grammar
• only add diacritics pronunciation in the phonetic brackets for reading

Transliteration and Sound

• write, speak
• =a, =i, =u, =w

Keyboards and Resources

• Lexilogos Arabic Keyboard has extra keys
• Other alternative Arabic keyboard ArabKeys

Alphabets

• 28 letters
• : -> g sounds [ain] fog up the mirror and pronounce [ae].

15 Arabic typefaces

• the thick sounds are similar to fawning like a baby
  • sometimes affect before and after vowels sounds
  • baT, bat - T will affect the preceding letters' pronunciations - looks like it

hmzh' [ham;zh'] hamza, glottal stop

• - dash ء
• y-- aa2 ئ.
• w-- w2 ؤ.
• a-- a2sub إ.
• -a [short top] a2sup أ.
• aa [aa] 2aa
• آ

short vowels

• ftH'h' =a fatha,
• S'mh' =u damma,
• ksrh' =i kasra.

skwn =o silent, no vowel.

s'dh' =u shaddah, repeat the letter, the consonant extra long vs circle o cap

• the cap sounds small stop, and the next letter doubles
• silent period, small stop, with space

tnwyn [tanniyn]. - word ends.

• ?==a [an] accusative case. The silent aa may be written before or afterwards depending on the habits
• ?==u [un] nominative case.
• ?==i [in] genitive case.
• the sign [;] without any, add partition

a [silent] ٱ, waving cap of a when the previous word ends in vowel.

• a letter can be independent a, and linked, a-, -a-, -a.
• letters break with the next syllable: aa, d, d', r, z, w.

y yaa ي and w waaw و.

• w and, do not break a space.

a alif in the beginning [ae] ا, and I in the end [ae] ى.

• a may appear in a different shape: ى at the end of a word
  • algrbyh' alfSHI [al;garabiyyh' al;fuS;HI] standard Arabic
  • bryTanya alkbrI [baryTan;ya al;kub;rI] Great Britain
• hd'a هٰذا small dagger alif in only old words
• aa - only found in the end of a word snake
  • aa sounds [ea] with flat sounds
  • sounds [aa] with thick sounds
• another dagger alif اٰ [aa].

H Haa ح, j [dj, g] jiim ج, H' khaa خ - with a dot upper - k before h

• H fogging up the window by opening the mouth wide vs h in house
  • H is longer than h, like a German h.
  • h can also start h- like a node, -h- like a bowtie or wings, -h upper.
• H' gargle with water but without the singing, whisper as you gargle.

g ain ع, g' ghain غ.

• g - surprised a - g why, inversed - long, ending in a; sound longer than 2
• g' - gargle, put water in the mouth, throw the head back and gargle away, without whisper

h haa ﻫ, h' [a] ة.

• a - 2 eyes.
• hlal moon crescent.
• a with thick sounds a aq, with flat sounds e ak
• a only at the end of the word and indicate the word is feminine
• a -> at when used with an, in, un, u
• pronounce ة as [a/ha] if stopping at the word, as [at] if the word is connected to the next word or next syllable (nothing to do with vowel or consonant).

r [ar] raa ر, like the light t in American English word "water", z zaay ز.

• low bowtail - the tail of r is short than a normal regular tail of some letters
• r, tongue lifted up and touch the roof once.

d daal د, d' dhaal ذ.

• d' is heavier than t', baby need that

t taa ت, t' thaa ث.

• th, sh pronounced separately.

s siin س, s' shiin ش.

• the sound [si] in Chinese, air blown through the tongue tip and the upper teeth
• the sound [s] air blown through the tongue tip and the upper teeth gum, thicker
• the sound [th], tongue touches the teeth
• t' vs s' both 3 dots, but s' has 3 twirls like s.

T Taa ط, T' Zaaظ.

• Tall man, Ta close to taco, sounds farther in the back of the mouth vowels around are tougher, more serious and grave
  • while ta close to tap, closer to the front of the mouth
• T' [Z] - Zat! English accent - further back in the mouth
• back tongue lower ? - 2 strokes not connected

S Saad in [ss, sr] ص, S' Daad ض.

• pronounce s and raise the back tongue lower - stressed s - S [Sr] in Sauce, thicker than s. saa like sa, Saa like Sra - see the sound afterwards.
• short bow with a baggage swim ring

l laam ل.

• tongue on upper mouth, not the teeth
• lm when the vowel in between is short
• la لا.
  • special writing at the beginning or at the middle, different, like a right-to-left capitalized K.

n nuun ن.

b baa ب.

f faa ف.

q qaaf ق much deeper in the throat, raise the tongue

• a bit like kr, thicker than k, deeper in the throat
• algraq Iraq

Combinations

وا [uu] sometimes

Sun and Moon Letters

• Sun and moon letters
• sun: t, t', d, d', r, z, s, s', S, S', T, T', l, n.
  • shaddah overwriting al.tt -> at.t;
• moon: -, b, j, h, H, H', g, g', f, q, k, m, w, y.
  • won't overwrite al.bb.

Punctuation

• semicolon will be written inverted.

Feel

• hd'a Syf har wSgb a hot and difficult summer.

Mind

• l-anh jwgan [li-aannahu jaw'gan] because he is hungry
• alfn the art mhm.
• mad'a yHb What does he like?
  • mad'a tHb bnth does his daughter like?
  • kry la tHb alnwm bgd alT'hr in the afternoon ma ms'kltha what is her problem?
  • tHbyn alnwm You like sleeping ya jwdy.
  • ya samyh' mad'a tHbyn?
  • hl tHbh Do you love him?
  • lmad'a tHbha why do you love her?
  • hl tHb s'rkty you like my company.
• mad'a yHb -akt'r he likes more?
  • -aHb alqhwh' lkn -aHb alqTT -akt'r I like cats more.
  • mn [man] gndh ktb -akt'r more books?
  • mn gndh -aSdqa- -akt'r [-aS;diqa- -ak;tar] more friends?
• -atklm mg -amy gn rsalh' g'rybh' about a weird letter
  • hd'h alrsalh' [haad'ihi r;risalh'] this letter l-aby for my father.
  • gndy rsay--l letters mn -aH'ty my sister.
  • hl kl alrsay--l [kull ar;rasay--l] all the letters mn jwrj?
  • yHb he likes ktabh' alrsay--l write letters.
  • hl kl alrsay--l ljwrj all the letters for George.
  • hl tHb ktabh' rsay--l l-aqarbk write letters for your relatives
• whd'a ljary for my neighbor.
  • hd'a alktab lSf for the class alsagh' alrabgh'.
• -aHb drwsy my lessons.
  • yHb alnwm lkn yHb drwsh -ayS'a==a he also likes his lessons.
  • gndy drs sbaHh' a swimming lesson.
  • la tryd drsha she doesn't want her lesson alaan now.
• hl tryd hd'a alfylm this film ya sam?
• -aH'y yHb ms'ahdh' alnas watch people.
  • ya ranya hl tHbyn ms'ahdh' al-aflam watch the movies?
  • ms'ahdh' al-aflam fy nhayh' al-asbwg mmtgh' jda==a is very fun.
• ma what hd'a almtHf aljdyd this new museum?
• tzwr -amha she visits her mother.
  • yzwr he visits lbnan.
  • mn [man] who tzwryn you visit ya ranya?
  • mn tzwr rym does Reem visit fy al-ardn.
  • la tzwr -amk kt'yra==a ya glI Ali.
  • jwdy tzwr mtHf alqTT the cat museum.
• yjb -an yzwr he must visit bldh.
  • yjb -an tzwr -ajtha she must visit her sister.
  • hl yjb -an yzwr he must visit almtHf?
• gndy qryb g'ryb a weird relative.
  • la -agrf -aqarby know my relatives.
  • hy qrybty wSdyqty.
  • qrybty lmI my relative Lama tgml fy s'rkh' -amrykyh' in an American company.
• lys gndy -aSdqa- friends.
  • -aryd alsfr mg -aSdqay--y to travel with my friends.
  • hl trydyn alsfr a--lI flsTyn [turydyn as;safar a--ilI filas;Tiyn] you want to travel to Palestine ya mha?
• -ayn alqTT where are the cats?
• allg'at The languages s'y- jmyl something beautiful.
  • tglm allg'at learning languages mmtg jda==a.
  • zwjty tHb allg'at she loves languages.
• lgb krh' alqdm Playing soccer Sgb.
  • la tHbyn allgb mg gay--lty you like to play with my family
  • hl tHbyn krh' alqdm you like soccer ya mha.
• alH'rwj mg al-aSdqa- To go out with the friends s'y- mmtg.
  • hl tHbyn would you like alH'rwj mn albyt to go out of the house fy nhayh' al-asbwg on the weekend?
  • -aryd nhayh' al-asbwg the weekend.
  • -aH'y yHb alH'rwj mg -aSdqay--y going out with my friends whd'a g'ryb.
• lys gndh nqwd he doesn't have money lkn gndh ktb he has books.
  • gndy ktb fy s'nTty day--ma==a in my bag always.

Preferences

• -aHb al-akl [-auHibb aal;-aak;l] I like eating balyl [bial;llay;l] at night -ayS'a==a [-aay;S'an] also
  • -aHb a--yTalya [a--yTal;ya] Italy kt'yra [kat'yran] a lot.
  • la -aHb aljry [al;jary] running.
  • -aHb aljry waltSwyr and photography -ayS'a==a also.
  • -aHb alklam mg [al;kalam maga] talking with -aH'ty my sister bgd alT'hr in the afternoon.
• alqra-h' reading mhmh' important
• -aHb aljry msa- in the evening
• -aHb alnwm sleeping SbaHa in the morning.
  • la -aHb alnwm bgd alT'hr.
• -aHb alqra-h' reading SbaHa wmsa- in the morning and evening.
• -aHb aljry running walsbaHh' swimming msa-.
• -aHb aljry ballyl at night.
• -aHb alsfr a--lI traveling to a--yTalya.

Food Preferences

• kyf albTaTa [kay;f al;baTaTa] how're the potatoes?
• aldjaj hna Tyb SHyH [ad;dajaj huna Tayyib SaHyH] the chicken here is good, correct?
• yjb -an aakl I must eat.
  • aakl kt'yra==a [aakul kat'yran] I eat a lot fy als'ta- [fy s';s'ita-] in the winter.
  • mtI t-aklyn aldjaj when do you f eat chicken ya lmI?
  • mn y-akl who q eats alflafl.
  • jdty la t-akl allHm my grandmother she doesn't eat meat.
  • hl t-aklyn albTaTa mg allHm [ta-a;kulyn al;baTaTa maga l;laH;m] you eat potatoes with meat?
• hl hnak flafl is there falafel?
  • lys hnak ms'rwb beverage.
• ys'rb alHlyb [yas';rab al;Halyb] he drinks milk SbaHa==a [SabaHan].
  • -amy la ts'rb alma- she doesn't drink the water.
  • ts'rb you m drink alma- ya -astad' sir.
  • -as'rb I drink alHlyb kl alwqt all the time.
• almqblat [al;muqabbilat] appetizers qbl kl s'y- before everything.
• aryd H'bza==a [-auryd H'ub;zan] I want bread ws'wrbh' soup.
  • -aryd s'aya==a saH'na==a warm tea wkbh' and Kibbeh; dish based on spiced ground meat and Bulgur wheat, s'kra==a thank you.
  • la -aryd HmSa==a [HummuSan] hummus, a middle eastern dip or savory dish
  • ya gmr la tryd alH'bz you m don't want the bread SHyH right, correct?
  • ya samyh' trydyn alHmS you f want the hummus SHyH?
  • hl trydyn tbwlh' you f want tabbouleh, a Levantine salad ya -arwI Arwa?
  • mn yryd who q wants H'bza==a.
  • Sdyqy glI la yryd my friend Ali he doesn't want s'aya==a.
  • jarty ranya tryd my neighbor Rania she wants s'wrbh' w gSyra==a.
• yryd s'aya==a barda==a cold tea bsbb alTqs alHar because of the hot weather.
  • -aryd kbaba==a saH'na==a warm kebab.
  • la no, la -aryd Hmsa==a saH'na==a I don't want warm hummus.
  • ya rym, trydyn gSyra==a barda==a [gaSyran baridan] cold juice SHyH.
  • hl tryd -aH'tk your sister wants gSyra==a Tyba==a good juice?
  • ngm, yryd kbaba==a Tyba==a [yuryd kababan Tayyiban] he wants good kebab.
• hl tHb alH'bz alsaH'n you m like the warm bread?
  • hl tHbyn you f like alH'bz alsaH'n.
  • alwld the boy la yHb allHm he likes the meat
• -aHb algSyr I like the juice w-aryd gSyra==a and I want juice.
  • -aHb alkbab I like the kebab, like French chunks require an article for preferences w-aryd kbaba==a and I want kebab.
  • -aHb alslTh' [as;salaTh'] the salad w-aryd slTh' [salaTh'].
• ngm hd'a SHyH [haad'a SaHyH] this is correct.
• rmS'an krym [ramaS'an kariym] Happy Ramadan, the 9th month of the Islamic calendar observed by Muslims as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection, and community.
  • -ana day--ma==a jwganh' I'm always hungry bgd alT'hr in the afternoon fy rmS'an during Ramadan.
  • alHmd llh lrmS'an [al;Ham;du lllh liramaS'an] Praise to be god for Ramadan.
• ma hd'a alTbq [ma haad'a T;Tabaq] what is this dish?
  • Tbq -am jwdy Judy's mother's dish mmtaz.
  • hd'a alTbq almmtaz [haad'a T;Tabaq al;mum;taz] this amazing dish lrmS'an.
• wkyf alHlwI [al;Hal;wI] the dessert?
• hd'h kbh' -am mHmwd [haad'ihi kibbh' -aum maH;mwd] this is Mahmoud's mother's kibbeh alHmd llh.

Act

• yla [yalla]
• -aftH als'bak I open the window.
• als'bak fy alg'rfh' [fy log'urofh'] in the room mkswr [mak;swr] broken.
  • hd'a alsryr [haad'a s;sarya] this bed mkswr.
• tlfazha her television mgTl [mugaTTal] out of order.
• alHnfyh' the faucet, the tap fy almTbH' in the kitchen
  • gndy ms'klh' I have a problem mg alHnfyh' with the faucet fy almTbH'.
• hnak Swt g'ryb weird noise fy albyt.
• -anam [-anam] I sleep fy sryr in a bed.
  • la -anam kt'yra==a a lot fy hd'a albyt.
  • la -anam bsbb gmly bisabab gamaly, because of my work.
• gndy g'rfh' nwm bedroom.
• -askn I live fy alSalwn in the living room.
  • -askn fy alTabq alt'any [fy aT;Tabiq at';t'any] on the second floor.
  • fy alTabq al-awl [fy T;Tabiq al;-aawwal] on the 1st floor g'rfh' nwm.
• fy hd'a als'arg [fy haad'a s';s'arig] on this street mTgm g'aly an expensive restaurant.
  • g'rfh' nwmy qrybh' mn als'arg close to the street.
• -ant g'ny bsbb a--bjary because of my rent ya -astad' sir.
• la -adH'l I do not enter alg'rfh'.
• qTty my cat glI on alhaswb.
• hnak s'y- mkswr [s'ay;- mak;swr] something broken
  • s'bak mkswr wtlfaz mgTl [s'ubbak mak;swr wa;til;faz mugaTTal] a broken window and an out of order television.
  • als'bak fy almTbH' [as';s'abbak fy l;maT;baH'] the window in the kitchen, all after the articles Sg'yr small.

Charm

• samyh' Sdyqh' mmtazh' an amazing friend.
• hd'a Sdyqy my friend jwrj whd'h Sdyqth and this is his friend jwdy.
• la -agrf I don't know Sdyqtha her friend kry.
• hd'h this f jarth his neighbor rwza.

Rule

• S=iH=wh' [SiHHa] Health
• reads from left to right, written from right to left
• raqm 1 number 1
• Sfr 0
• waHd 1
• at'nyn 2
• t'lat'h' 3
• -arbgh' 4
• H'msh' 5
• sth' 6
• sbgh' 7
• t'manyh' 8
• tsg 9
• gs'rh' 10
• la -agrf [la -aag;rif] I don't know kl al-agdad [kull al-aag;dad] all the numbers ballg'h' algrbyh' [bil;lug'h'ti l;garabiyyh'] in Arabic @@
  • la -agrf kl s'y- everything ballg'h' algrbyh'.
  • hl tgrfyn how do you f know kl s'y- ya mha?
  • hl tgrf how do you m know -ayn al-astad' ya bwb.
• kyf -agd how do I count mn waHd a--lI gs'rh'.
  • -agd mn H'msh' a--lI sbgh'.
  • kyf tgd how do you m count mn waHd a--lI ya mHmd.
  • kyf tgdyn how do you f count mn waHd a--lI sth' ballg'h' algrbyh' ya rwza.
• s'kra==a jzla==a [shkran jzylan] thanks very much.
• mrHba==a [mar;Haban] hello asmy my name jwdy.
• s'kra [s'uk;ran] thanks.
• mn fS'lk [min faS';lak] please m ya bwb.
  • ya rym nryd td'krh' mn fS'lk [ya rym nuryd tad';karh' min faS';lik] Reem, we want a ticket please f.
• ya attention getter before addressing someone
• mn -ay -ant ya jwdy from where you for Judy -> where are you from, Judy?
  • -ana mn frnsa I am from France
• ts'rfna [tas'arraf;na] it's a pleasure to meet you
• kyfk [kay;fak] how are you m ya zyd?
  • -ana mtHms [-aana mutaHammish'] I'm excited jda==a alywm?
  • hl -ant [-an;ta] you m mtHms ya sam?
  • -ant mn [-an;ti min] you f are from byrwt ya zynh'.
  • -ana [-ana] I tmam OK alHmd llh thank god.
  • kl s'y- everything tmam.
• -ana bH'yr I am well s'kra w-ant and you? kyfk [kay;fik] how are you f?
  • -ana ngsanh' sleepy w-ant kyfk.
  • -ana ngsan sleepy alywm
  • kyfk ya kry how are you, Carrie?
  • kyf Halk how are you ya gmr?
• kyf algml [kay;fa al;gamalu] how's the work?
  • kyf algay--lh' [al;gay--ilh'] your family.
• ma al-aH'bar [ma l-aaH';bar] what is new ya sam?
  • lys hnak -aH'bar there's no news.
• ywm sgyd have a nice day.
• a--lI allqa- until next time ya Sdyqy my friend
• SbaH alH'yr good morning ya lmI.
  • SbaH alnwr good morning to you m or you f ya bwb.
• msa- alH'yr good evening ya bwb.
  • msa- alnwr [masa- an;nwr] good evening to you ya Sarh'.
• a--n s'a- allh [a--n; s'a-a llaah] god willing bH'yr fine.
• alslam glIkm as.salamu galay.kum, peace be upon you
  • wglIkm alslam and upon you be peace.
  • yla bay OK, bye.
  • yla [yalla] alright mg alslamah' [maga s;salamh'] goodbye ya sam.
• -ana Hzyn [Hazyn] sad jda==a.
• ma asmk what's your name?
• -ana mryS' [maryS'] sick w-ant kyfk ya mHmd.
• ranya jdtk ya sam Rania is your-grandmother, Sam.
• la -aHb alTqs alHar hot weather.
• alTqs albard s'y- Sgb a difficult thing.
• hd'a ywm Twyl a long day
• hd'a almTr alt'qyl this heavy rain Sgb.
• alywm today ywm Har.
• la -aHb alTqs alms'ms the sunny weather.
  • la -aHb alTqs almmTr rainy weather
• alqmr the moon Sg'yr small alaan now.
• als'ta- the winter Twyl is long.
• la -aHb almTr alt'qyl kt'yra==a a lot.
• almTr H'fyf the rain is light.
• alrTwbh' galyh' alywm the humidity is high today
• alrbyg almmTr the rainy Spring s'y- jmyl.
• -adrs I study fy aljamgh' at the university.
  • -adrs fy -almanya in Germany alaan now.
  • la -adrs alglwm I study science.
  • -ana asmy for me, the name is; my name is; following vowel, the next beginning vowel omitted rwza w-ana Talbh' a student fy jamgh' -almanyh' in a German university.
  • hl tdrsyn you f study ya samyh'?
  • hl tdrs hna you m study here ya mHmwd?
  • wmad'a tdrs what do you m study fy aljamgh' ya mayk?
  • ydrs he studies allg'h' algrbyh' the language of Arabic mg dww.
  • mad'a tdrsyn what do you f study fy aljamgh' ya jwdy?
  • mad'a ydrs what does he study alaan?
  • Sdyqty lmI tdrs alfn she studies art.
• glm alHaswb computer science Sgb is difficult.
• -aryd I want alsfr a--lI a--sktlnda.
  • yryd altgrf glI he wants to meet with Sdyq jdyd.
  • hl trydyn altgrf glI do you f want to meet with gay--lty ya mha.
  • hy g'nyh' w tryd alsfr she wants to travel.
  • hy tryd ktabh' ktab she wants to write a book jdyd.
  • hl trydyn do you f want altglm ya samyh'?
• -aHb altglm to learn.
  • -aHb tglm lg'h' jdydh' [tagallum lug'h' jadydh'] learn a new language.
  • hl tHb tglm alg'at [tuHibb tagallum al;lug'at] you want to learn languages ya jwrj.
  • sarh' tryd tglm allg'h' algrbyh' [turyd tagallum al;lug'h' l;g'arabiyyh'] she wants to learn Arabic a--n s'a- allh.
• -ana -agml -astad'h' [-ana -aag-mal -aus;tad'ah'] I work as a professor
  • la tagml you m don't work ya bwb?
  • hl tgmlyn do you f work fy alglwm in science ya kry?
  • hl tgmlyn mglmh' you f work as a teacher ya rym.
  • hl tgmlyn fy hd'h als'rkh' in this company ya sarh'?
  • s'rkty aljdydh' my new company mmtazh' alHmd llh.
  • -agml fy s'rkh' qTty my cat's company
  • -ana ms'g'wlh' day--ma==a busy always.
• la -aHb alaqtSad economics.
• jwrj rb byt [rabb bay;t] a male homemaker
  • hl -ant rbh' byt [rabbh' bay-t] a female homemaker ya jwdy?
• hl -ant baHt'h' a researcher ya rym?
• jwrj mSwrh' jydh' a good photographer.
  • mSwry jyd [muSawwiry jayyid] my photographer is good.
• hnak nas people jdd new.
  • la -aHb alnas I don't like people; with the article "the" kt'yra==a.
  • kl alnas hna all the people here mn lbnan.
• algalm the world kbyr.
• kl albld The whole country g'aly.
• alsyaHh' mhmh' fy bldy [as;siyaHh' muhimmh' fy balady] Tourism is important in my country.
• alsyaHh' g'alyh' Tourism is expensive ll-asf.
• fy nywywrk nas mn kl algalm [kull al;galam] all the world.
• altgrf glI Sdyq jdyd to meet a new friend s'y- mmtaz.
• la -aHbh I don't love him.
• calling - hl jwdy mwjwdh' is Judy there?
  • hy lyst mwjwdh' she is not here.
  • hl mn almmkn -an ttSl laHqa==a Can you call later?
• hd'a alHay--T this wall.
• hd'a byt g'aly this is an expensive house; without definitive to prefix the noun, it's "this is".
• albyt mg'rby The house is Moroccan.
• hatfy hnak my telephone is there.
• rz gmr Omar's rice.
• hd'a -almTgm g'aly [haad'a l;maT;gam g'aly] this restaurant is expensive.
• aljarh' walqTh' the neighbor and the cat.
• krsy alqTh' -abyS' the cat's chair is white.
• alywm lys hnak Sf there's no class.
• rym Sdyqh' Sgbh' Reem is a difficult friend
• gmlha mhm her work is important
• jwrj gndh George has gml mmtaz amazing work
• al-akl fy byty g'ryb lkn al-akl fy bytk Tyb good
• lys hnak qlm rH'yS cheap pen fy s'nTty.
  • la -askn fy albyt alrH'yS in the cheap house
• fy hd'h alSwrh' this picture hnak -aby wSdyqh bwb.
• la -agrf -ayn -ana I don't know where I am.
• hl gndk do you have rqm hatf jdyd a new phone number ya mayk.
• Haswby my computer krsy alqTh'.
• la -agrf -ayn byth where is his house.

Space

• yjb -an -ad'hb a--lI I must go to byt -aqarbha her relatives' house.
  • yjb -an -ad'hb a--lI algml go to work.
  • mtI td'hb a--lI frnsa go to France ya jwrj?
  • hl yrydwn ald'hab a--lI aljamgh' [hal yurydwn ad';d'ahab a--ilI l;jamigh'] do they want to go to the university.

-ayn hm [-ay;n hum] where are they?

• hm -aSdqay--y [hum -aS;diqay--y] they are my friends mn flsTyn.

-ayn -antm [-ay;n -an;tum] where are you all?

• hl -antm mn -amryka?
• -antm fy frnsa.

nHn fy lbnan [ naH;nu fy lub;naan] we are in Lebanon fy lbnan.

• nHn fy -ayh' mHTh' [naH;nu fy -aayyh' maHaTTh'] we are at, same order in question, which station?

a--lI -ayn to which place yryd ald'hab [yuryd ad';d'ahab] he wants to go?

• a--lI -ayn trydwn ald'hab [a--ilI -aay;n turydun ad';d'ahab] to where you f want to go?
• a--lI -ayn yrydwn alsfr [yurydwn as;safar] they want to travel?
• sam wsarh' wmayk yrydwn ald'hab [yurydwn ad';d'hab] they want to go a--lI byrwt.
• hl yrydwn ald'hab a--lI aljamgh' [yurydwn ad';d'ahab a--ilI l;jamigh'] they want to go to the university?
• -ana w-aSdqay--y [-ana wa;-aS;diqay--y] my friends and I nryd alsfr [nuryd as;safar] we want to travel.
• -ay qTar tHb -akt'r [-aayy qiTar tuHibb -ak;t'ar] which train you m like more ya mayk?
• nryd alsfr fy kl algalm [nuryd as;safar fy kull al;galam] we want to travel the whole world.
• mn fS'lk ya mHmwd nryd alqTar a--lI dms'q [nuryd al;qiTar a--ilI dimas';q] we want the train to Damascus.
• nryd alsfr [nuryd assafar] we want to travel.

aaH'd' albaS [aaH'ud' al;baS] I take the bus.

• y-aH'd' wqth' [ya-a;H'ud' waq;tuh'] he takes his time day--ma==a always.
• yjb -an y-aH'd' albaS [yajib -aan; ya-a;H'ud' al;baS] he must take the bus alywm.
• hl t-aH'd'yn albaS [ta-a;H'ud'yn al;baS] you f take the bus ya samyh'?
• -ay baS t-aH'd' [-aayy baS ta-a;Hud'] which bus m you take ya glI?
• mad'a t-aH'd'wn [ta-a;H'ud'wn] you all take?
• hl t-aH'd'wn alsyarh' [ta-a;H'ud'wn as;sayyarh'] you all take the car.
• -ayh' td'krh' n-aH'd' [na-a;H'ud'] we take?
• n-aH'd' alSHyfh' we take the newspaper fy alqTar.
• hl yjb -an n-aH'd' [yajib -aan; na-a;H'ud'] we must take alsyarh'?
• y-aH'd'wn alqTar [ya-a;H'ud'wn al;qiTar] they always take the train day--ma==a.
• mad'a y-aH'd'wn a--lI a--yTalyh' [a--ilI a--yTal;ya] to Italy?

hl albaS bgyd gn hna [bagyd gan huna] far from here?

• hl -ant bgyd gn almwqf [bagyd gan al;maw;qif] far from the stop ya gmr?
• ngm ngrf -ayn mwqf albaS where the bus stop is.
• mHTh' alqTab [maHaTTh' al;qiTar] station of the train -> train station bgydh'.
• mHTh' alqTab qrybh' jda==a [qarybh' jiddan] very close.
• ya samyh' -ayn mHTh' albaS [-aay;n maHaTTh' al;baS] where is the bus station mn qS'lk?

-aryd td'krh' [tad';karh'] a ticket.

• hl gndk td'kraty [tad';karaty] my ticket?
• a--lI mn aaH'd' altd'krh' [a--ilI man aaH'ud' at;tad';karh'] to whom do I take the ticket?
• -ayh' td'krh' trydwn [-aayyh' tad';karh' turydwn] which ticket do you all want.

-ad'hb a--lI algml kl ywm [-ad';hab a--ilI l;gamal kull yaw;m] I go to work every day.

• kl ywm y-aH'd' syartha [ya-a;H'ud' sayyaratha] he takes her car.

ngrf -ayn baSk [nag;rif -aay;n baSak] we know where is your bus

• ygrfwn almdynh' [yag;rifwn al;madynh'] they know the city
• la tgrfwn -ayn nqwdy [la tag;rifwn -aay;n nuqwdy] don't you all know where my cash is?
• hl tgrfwn -ayn td'krth [-aay;n tad'karathu] where his ticket is?

-anTlq [-aan;Taliq] I leave fy alsagh' alt'alt'h'.

• la ygrfwn fy -ayh' sagh' -anTlq [fy -aayyh' sagh' -aan;Taliq] what time I leave at.
• fy -ayh' sagh' tnTlqyn fy albaS [fy -aayyh' sagh' tan;Taliqyn fy lbaS] at what time, do you f leave on the bus ya samyh'.
• la ygrfwn mtI ynTlq alqTar mn almHTh' they don't know when the m train leaves the station, reversed in the subordinate.
• la ygrfwn mtI ynTlq albaS [la yag;rifwn matI yan;Taliq al;baS] they do not know when leaves the bus -> when the bus leaves.

Geography

• bldy mmtaz my country is amazing
• alSyn China bld kbyr wms'hwr big and famous
• alsfr a--lI al-ardn traveling to Jordan s'y- mmtaz.
  • rym tzwr al-ardn kt'yra==a.
• alsaHl fy lbnan the coast in Lebanon mhm.
• hl saHl hd'a albld coast of this country qSyr short.
• byrwt Beirut mdynh' taryH'yh' mhm important historic city.
  • barys Paris mdynh' mtnwgh' diverse city.
  • alH'rTwm Khartoum mdynh' qdymh' old city.
• algraq mkan taryH'y historic place.
  • flsTyn Palestine mkan mtnwg diverse place.
• -ayn bg'dad where is Baghdad?
• alqahrh' Cairo gaSmh' mzdHmh' crowded capital.
  • alqahrh' gaSmh' mSr the capital of Egypt.
• la -aHb aljbn [al;jabal] the mountains.
• Sdyqth his friend samya g'nyh' rich.
• -ana mn mdynh' safana the city of Savannah.
  • -ana mn mdynh' flsTynyh' a Palestinian city
  • mdynh' lws -anjls mdynh' saHlyh' [madynh' saHiliyyh'] a costal city.
  • ll-asf [lil;-aasaf] unfortunately mdynty mzdHmh' jda==a.
• -askn fy S'waHy mdynh' lws -anjls [S'awaHy madynh' lws -aan;jilis] the suburbs of the city of Los Angeles.
  • la tskn you m don't live fy aljbl in the mountains ya gmr.
  • hl tsknyn do you f live fy qryh' ya ranya?
  • jdty tskn my grandmother lives fy byty.
  • kry la tskn Carrie doesn't live fy aljbl ll-asf.
  • mayk yskn Mike lives fy alqahrh'.
  • la yskn he doesn't live fy jzyrh' on an island.
  • hl tsknyn do you f live fy aljbl ya mha.
• -ana mn qryh' [qaryh'] a village wqryty jmylh' wqdymh'.
  • ngm yes, qryty my village qrybh' mn [qarybh' min] close to mdynh' byrwt.
  • la no, la -askn fy qryh'.
• wlayh' jwrjya the state of Georgia ms'hwrh' important.
  • -ayn wlaytk your f state ya kry.
• -aHb alsfr a--lI albHr al-abyS' almtwsT sea white median, the Mediterranean sea.
  • alsfr a--lI albHr al-abyS' almtwsT mn mdynty traveling to the Mediterranean Sea from my city shl [sah;l] is easy
• -aHb alqra-h' I like reading fy alTbygh' in nature.
• ala--skndryh' Alexandria ms'msh' jda==a.
• -aHb alsbaHh' fy albHr [as;sibaHh' fy l-baH-r] swimming in the sea.
• alymn Yemen bld Sg'yr is a small country.
• -aHb alSHra- the desert.
• mdynty qrybh' mn is close to albHr.
• albHr fy mdynty -azrq wjmyl blue and pretty.
• hl tHtajyn a--lI jwaz sfr lr Hltk do you need a passport for your trip?
  • -aHtaj a--lI jwaz sfr I-need a passport.
• -ayn tdrsyn ya kry where do-you-study, Carrie?
• bnty -amamy in front of me.
  • jdtk your grandmother -amamh in front of you m ya syt'.
  • zwjk -amamk in front of you f ya rwza.
• byty H'lfy behind me
  • H'lf albyt syarh' ~there is~ a car behind the house.
  • H'lf albnayh' behind the building mktb [mak;tab] is an office.
  • H'lf almktb behind the office, bigger context klb fy syarh' in a car.
  • H'lf almTgm behind the restaurant zwjtk mg rjl.
  • byty H'lfy my house is behind me fy hd'h alSwrh'.
  • zwjk your husband H'lfk behind you f ya rwza.
  • Sdyqha mHmd H'lfha behind her.
• jartha her neighbour samyh' bjanbha next to her.
  • zwjtk bjanbk next to you ya mayk.
• mn hd'a who is this?
  • mn hw who is he?
• gndy sw--al I have a question.
  • qTty gndha my cat has sw--al ya -astad' professor.
• hw labs he wears - participle qbgh'hat.
  • hy labsh' she wears tnwrh' skirt
  • hl -ant labs are you wearing qbgh' wtys'yrt ya syt'.
• -amy my mother ms'g'wlh' busy jda very
  • jary sam ms'g'wl.
• zwjy my husband day--ma always tgban tired.
• fy alH'lfyh' in the background rjl mS'Hk a funny man
  • fy hd'h alSwrh' in this picture wld mS'Hk jda.
  • fy hd'h alSwrh' amrah' mS'Hkh' wg'rybh' a funny and weird woman
• la -agrf hd'a al-asd this lion.
• -amamy -aby w-amy w-aH'y.

Time

• mtI when?
  • mtI almwgd [al;maw;gid] the appointment?
  • mtI -anam when do I sleep?
• km alsagh' [kam as;sagh'] what time is it?
  • fy -ayh' sagh' [fy -aayyh' sagh'] at what time
  • alsagh' alwaHdh' [as;sagh' l;waHidh'] 1 o'clock
  • alsagh' alt'anyh' 2 o'clock
  • alsagh' alt'alt'h' 3 o'clock
  • alsagh' alrabgh' gh'tl connecting, 4 o'clock.
  • alsagh' alH'amsh' [as;sagh' l;H'amish'] 5 o'clock.
  • alsagh' alsadsh' 6 o'clock.
  • alsagh' alsabgh' 7 o'clock.
  • alsagh' alt'amnh' 8 o'clock.
  • alsagh' altasgh' [as;sagh' t;tasigh'] 9 o'clock.
  • alsagh' algas'rh' 10 o'clock.
  • alsagh' alHadyh' gs'rh' [as;sagh' l;Had;yh' gas';rh'] 11 o'clock.
  • alsagh' alt'anyh' gs'rh' 12 o'clock.
• -aHb hd'h alsagh' this watch.
  • hd'h sagh' this is a watch mhmh' jda==a.
• la, lys gndha s'y- she doesn't have anything fy alsagh' alH'amsh' at 5 o'clock.
  • hl gndk s'y- fy alsagh' alt'alt'h' [fy s;sagh' t';t'alit'h'] ya samyh'?
• lst [las;tu] I am not mn hna.
  • lst ms'g'wlh' I'm not busy fy alsagh' alH'amsh' msa-==a [masa-an] in the evening.
  • -ana lst jwganh' I am not hungry.
• alsagh' alwaHdh' walnSf 1:30, one thirty.
  • alsagh' alH'amsh' walnSf [as;sagh' lH'amish' wa;n;nuS;f] 5:30; five thirty
  • dndh he has s'y- fy alsagh' alwaHdh'.
• -ana mtfrg'h' I am free bgd after alsagh' alH'amsh'.
  • hl jwdy mtfrg'h'?
  • hl -ant mtfrg' are you free bgd alsagh' alt'anyh' walnSf after 2:30?
• gndy wqt [waq;t] time fy alsagh' algas'rh'.
  • alwqt s'y- g'ryb time is a weird thing.
• al-akl qbl [qab;l] before kl s'y- everything.
  • hl -ant mtfrg' qbl almwgd before the appointment?
• alywm lys hnak there's no Sf [Saff] class.
• yjb -an -anam I must sleep.
  • yjb -an -ad'hb a--lI algml.
  • yjb -an -atklm allg'h' algrbyh' speak Arabic.
  • la yjb -an -ad'hb a--lI mktb al-astad'h' the professor's office.
  • la yjb -an -atklm gn jarty speak about my neighbor.
  • la -atklm I don't speak SbaHa==a in the morning.